{"version":1,"dataset":"lunar-surface-infrastructure","count":13,"generatedAt":"2026-05-28T15:16:55.049Z","docs":"https://spaceodysseyhub.com/moon/methodology","license":"Data structure © SpaceOdysseyHub. Underlying facts public domain (agency primaries). Cite SpaceOdysseyHub + original source.","entries":[{"slug":"ltv-lunar-outpost-lunar-dawn","name":"Lunar Dawn (LTV proposal)","category":"rover","primeContractor":"Lunar Outpost","competingContractors":["Venturi Astrolab","Intuitive Machines"],"customer":["NASA-LTV"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"Up to $1.727B IDIQ ceiling","asOf":"2024-04-03","sourceIdx":0,"note":"NASA LTV Services feasibility task order; multi-year IDIQ awarded April 2024"},"awardDate":"2024-04-03","firstUseTarget":"Artemis V (NET 2030)","description":"Lunar Outpost-led team includes Lockheed Martin, General Motors, Goodyear, and MDA. The Lunar Dawn rover targets unpressurized crew + autonomous payload service for NASA at the lunar south pole.","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle","publisher":"Wikipedia (NASA-sourced)","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.lunaroutpost.com/lunar-dawn","publisher":"Lunar Outpost","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"ltv-astrolab-flex","name":"FLEX (Flexible Logistics and Exploration Rover)","category":"rover","primeContractor":"Venturi Astrolab","competingContractors":["Lunar Outpost","Intuitive Machines"],"customer":["NASA-LTV"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"Up to $1.928B IDIQ ceiling","asOf":"2024-04-03","sourceIdx":0,"note":"Highest IDIQ ceiling among the 3 LTV competitors"},"awardDate":"2024-04-03","firstUseTarget":"Artemis V (NET 2030)","description":"Astrolab's FLEX rover team includes Axiom Space, Odyssey Space Research, Leidos, and Venturi Group. FLEX has already been selected to fly on Astrobotic's Griffin Mission 1 as a CLPS task order (separate from LTV Services).","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle","publisher":"Wikipedia (NASA-sourced)","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.astrolab.space/flex-rover","publisher":"Venturi Astrolab","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"ltv-intuitive-machines-moon-racer","name":"Moon RACER (Reusable Autonomous Crewed Exploration Rover)","category":"rover","primeContractor":"Intuitive Machines","competingContractors":["Lunar Outpost","Venturi Astrolab"],"customer":["NASA-LTV"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"Up to $1.692B IDIQ ceiling; $30M feasibility award April 2024","asOf":"2024-04-03","sourceIdx":0,"note":"Initial $30M feasibility study; full LTV Services task order ceiling $1.692B"},"awardDate":"2024-04-03","firstUseTarget":"Artemis V (NET 2030)","description":"Intuitive Machines' Moon RACER team includes AVL, Boeing, Michelin, and Northrop Grumman. Rover delivered via the company's Nova-D cargo-class lunar lander variant.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001844452/000184445224000043/ex991ltvs_finalx3apr2024.htm","publisher":"SEC EDGAR (Intuitive Machines 8-K)","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle","publisher":"Wikipedia (NASA-sourced)","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"jaxa-toyota-lunar-cruiser","name":"Lunar Cruiser (Pressurized Lunar Rover)","category":"rover","primeContractor":"Toyota Motor Corporation","customer":["JAXA"],"status":"in-development","awardDate":"2024-04-10","firstUseTarget":"Artemis VII (NET 2032)","description":"Pressurized rover allowing astronauts to traverse without spacesuits for up to 30 days. Uses Toyota fuel-cell technology for power. Delivered to lunar surface by SpaceX's Starship HLS as part of the Japan-USA Artemis Implementing Arrangement signed April 2024. JAXA contributes the rover in exchange for two Japanese astronaut Artemis seats.","sources":[{"url":"https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/39537662.html","publisher":"Toyota Motor Corporation","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-jaxa-advance-space-cooperation-sign-pressurized-rover-agreement/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"foundational-surface-habitat","name":"Foundational Surface Habitat","category":"habitat","primeContractor":"Blue Origin (Blue Moon Mk2 delivery)","customer":["NASA-HLS"],"status":"in-development","firstUseTarget":"Targeted by 2033","description":"NASA's first long-duration lunar surface habitat. Delivered via Blue Origin's Blue Moon Mark 2 sustaining lander under the $3.4B Sustaining Lunar Development HLS contract awarded May 2023. Habitat module contractor selection separate from delivery contract.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-as-second-artemis-lunar-lander-provider/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/reference/human-landing-systems/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"ilrs-china-russia","name":"International Lunar Research Station (ILRS)","category":"construction","primeContractor":"CNSA + Roscosmos (joint lead)","customer":["CNSA","Roscosmos"],"status":"planned","firstUseTarget":"Basic facility operational by 2035; extended network by 2050","description":"China-Russia-led lunar base architecture with 40+ partner institutions including UAE, Pakistan, Venezuela, South Africa, Senegal, APSCO. Construction missions begin 2031, using Long March 9 and Russian heavy-lift. Phase 1 establishes south-pole base; Phase 2 extends to equator and far side.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6812150/content.html","publisher":"CNSA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6811380/content.html","publisher":"CNSA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202409/07/content_WS66dbeb9dc6d0868f4e8eab63.html","publisher":"Government of China","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"prime-1-ice-mining-experiment","name":"PRIME-1 (Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment-1)","category":"isru","primeContractor":"NASA Kennedy Space Center + Honeybee Robotics (TRIDENT drill)","customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"operating","awardDate":"2020-11-10","firstUseTarget":"Flown on IM-2 (March 2025); follow-on planned","description":"Two-instrument ISRU technology demonstrator: TRIDENT drill (Honeybee Robotics, ~1 m depth) + MSOLO mass spectrometer (Mass Spectrometer Observing Lunar Operations). Flew on IM-2 Athena March 2025; TRIDENT achieved full range-of-motion demo but MSOLO scans detected only anthropogenic gases due to side-orientation landing.","sources":[{"url":"https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/clps-deliveries/prime-1-im/","publisher":"NASA Science","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasas-lunar-drill-technology-passes-tests-on-the-moon/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/mission/polar-resources-ice-mining-experiment-1-prime-1/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"helios-molten-regolith-electrolysis","name":"Helios — Molten Regolith Electrolysis","category":"isru","primeContractor":"Helios (Israel)","customer":["private"],"status":"in-development","description":"Israeli startup developing reactor that melts lunar regolith at ~1,600 °C and electrolyzes molten oxides into oxygen + metals (iron, aluminum, titanium). Process based on MIT-NASA research from 2009. ~45% of lunar regolith by mass is oxygen; technology targets oxygen for propellant + life support. Partnership with Eta Space (USA) for oxygen storage technology.","sources":[{"url":"https://heliosmatters.com/our-solutions/lunar-oxygen/","publisher":"Helios","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090017897","publisher":"NASA Technical Reports Server","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-space-tech-startup-helios-partners-with-eta-space-to-make-oxygen-on-moon/","publisher":"Times of Israel","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"fsp-phase-1-lockheed-martin","name":"Fission Surface Power Phase 1 (Lockheed Martin team)","category":"power","primeContractor":"Lockheed Martin","competingContractors":["Westinghouse","IX (Intuitive Machines + X-Energy)"],"customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"$5M","asOf":"2022-06-21","sourceIdx":0,"note":"Phase 1 design concept; Phase 2 solicitation expected 2025"},"awardDate":"2022-06-21","firstUseTarget":"Reactor on launch pad — early 2030s target","description":"Lockheed Martin team includes BWX Technologies and Creare. Target: 40 kW lunar surface reactor, ≤6 tonnes, including power conversion, heat rejection, PMAD. Joint NASA-DOE programme. Reactor enables 10-year continuous surface operations through lunar night.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/nasas-fission-surface-power-project-energizes-lunar-exploration/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.space.com/nasa-moon-nuclear-reactor-project-first-phase-complete","publisher":"Space.com","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"fsp-phase-1-westinghouse","name":"Fission Surface Power Phase 1 (Westinghouse team)","category":"power","primeContractor":"Westinghouse Electric Company","competingContractors":["Lockheed Martin","IX (Intuitive Machines + X-Energy)"],"customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"$5M","asOf":"2022-06-21","sourceIdx":0,"note":"Leverages Westinghouse's eVinci terrestrial microreactor technology"},"awardDate":"2022-06-21","firstUseTarget":"Reactor on launch pad — early 2030s target","description":"Westinghouse leverages its eVinci microreactor design heritage. Phase 1 deliverable: 40 kW class lunar surface reactor concept compatible with surface lander mass budgets.","sources":[{"url":"https://info.westinghousenuclear.com/news/westinghouse-awarded-nasa-doe-contract-to-continue-development-of-space-microreactor-concept","publisher":"Westinghouse","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.neimagazine.com/news/nasa-and-doe-tap-westinghouse-to-advance-space-microreactor-design/","publisher":"Nuclear Engineering International","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"medium","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"fsp-phase-1-ix","name":"Fission Surface Power Phase 1 (IX team)","category":"power","primeContractor":"IX (Intuitive Machines + X-Energy joint venture)","competingContractors":["Lockheed Martin","Westinghouse"],"customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"$5M","asOf":"2022-06-21","sourceIdx":0,"note":"Team also includes Boeing and Maxar"},"awardDate":"2022-06-21","firstUseTarget":"Reactor on launch pad — early 2030s target","description":"IX joint venture between Intuitive Machines and X-Energy. Extended team includes Boeing and Maxar Technologies. 40 kW class design uses X-Energy's TRISO fuel heritage.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.executivegov.com/articles/nasa-plans-to-gather-more-info-in-preparation-for-fission-surface-power-projects-phase-2","publisher":"Executive Gov","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nucnet.org/news/nasa-extends-contracts-for-lunar-reactor-development-in-preparation-for-next-project-phase-2-1-2024","publisher":"NucNet","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"low","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"axemu-axiom-space","name":"AxEMU (Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit)","category":"suit","primeContractor":"Axiom Space","competingContractors":["Collins Aerospace (xEVAS partner)"],"customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"$228M (task order); $1.26B contract ceiling for moonsuit work","asOf":"2022-09-07","sourceIdx":0,"note":"xEVAS overall contract ceiling: $3.5B over 12 years across both providers"},"awardDate":"2022-09-07","firstUseTarget":"Artemis III (NET 2027)","description":"Lunar surface spacesuit for Artemis III south-pole landings. Fits anthropometric range from 1st to 99th percentile. Oakley partnership for visor (announced July 2025). Critical path item per NASA OIG audit IG-26-XX (April 2026).","sources":[{"url":"https://www.axiomspace.com/release/xemu-task-award","publisher":"Axiom Space","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasa-moon-mission-spacesuit-nears-milestone/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://spaceflightnow.com/2025/07/12/axiom-space-oakley-partner-on-spacesuit-visor-for-artemis-missions/","publisher":"Spaceflight Now","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"},{"slug":"collins-aerospace-xeva-suit","name":"Collins Aerospace xEVAS suit (ISS replacement)","category":"suit","primeContractor":"Collins Aerospace (RTX)","competingContractors":["Axiom Space"],"customer":["NASA-other"],"status":"in-development","contractValue":{"value":"$97.2M (task order)","asOf":"2022-12-07","sourceIdx":0,"note":"First task order under xEVAS; later received crossover task order July 2023 for moonsuit work"},"awardDate":"2022-12-07","firstUseTarget":"ISS deployment (suit demos by 2026); lunar use TBD","description":"Collins Aerospace team with ILC Dover and Oceaneering. Originally focused on ISS-replacement EMU. Received a crossover task order in July 2023 for lunar surface use. Critical-design-review-driven Earth-based simulated space environment demo.","sources":[{"url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-taps-collins-aerospace-to-develop-new-space-station-spacesuits/","publisher":"NASA","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2023/07/10/rtx-selected-for-crossover-task-order-under-nasa-xevas-contract","publisher":"RTX (Collins Aerospace)","retrieved":"2026-05-28"},{"url":"https://spacenews.com/nasa-awards-crossover-spacesuit-task-orders-to-axiom-and-collins/","publisher":"SpaceNews","retrieved":"2026-05-28"}],"confidence":"high","lastVerified":"2026-05-28"}]}