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| Attribute | ||
|---|---|---|
| Operator | ESA | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | Thales Alenia Space (prime) | ISRO |
| Status | In development | In development |
| Customer | ESA | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2031 (NET) — ArgoNET operational mission | 2027–2028 (NET) |
| Landing date | — | — |
| Landing site | Lunar south pole region (specific site TBD) | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole |
| Payload | Up to 2,100 kg payload (~10,000 kg launch mass) (2025-01-30) | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) |
| Contract value | €862M (2025-01-30) | — |
| Outcome | Europe's first dedicated lunar lander program. Designed to deliver cargo, infrastructure, and surface assets supporting Artemis-era operations. Argonaut Mission 1 demonstration NET 2030; first operational mission ArgoNET in 2031. | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.