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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ESA | CNSA | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | Thales Alenia Space (prime) | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) | ISRO |
| Status | In development | In development | Landed |
| Customer | ESA | CNSA | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2031 (NET) — ArgoNET operational mission | 2026-08 (NET) | 2023-07-14 |
| Landing date | — | — | 2023-08-23 |
| Landing site | Lunar south pole region (specific site TBD) | Shackleton crater illuminated rim, lunar south pole | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole |
| Payload | Up to 2,100 kg payload (~10,000 kg launch mass) (2025-01-30) | 18 science payloads across orbiter, lander, rover, mini-hopper, and Queqiao-2 (2026-05-28) | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) |
| Contract value | €862M (2025-01-30) | — | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) |
| Outcome | Europe's first dedicated lunar lander program. Designed to deliver cargo, infrastructure, and surface assets supporting Artemis-era operations. Argonaut Mission 1 demonstration NET 2030; first operational mission ArgoNET in 2031. | China's first dedicated lunar south-pole prospecting mission. Mini-flying probe hops into permanently shadowed regions to sample for water-ice volatiles. Italian laser retroreflector aboard the lander. | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. |
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