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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Firefly Aerospace | CNSA | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | Firefly Aerospace | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) | ISRO |
| Status | Landed | Landed | In development |
| Customer | NASA-CLPS | CNSA | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2025-01-15 | 2024-05-03 | 2027–2028 (NET) |
| Landing date | 2025-03-02 | 2024-06-01 | — |
| Landing site | Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille (lunar near side) | Apollo crater, South Pole-Aitken Basin (lunar far side) | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole |
| Payload | 10 NASA CLPS payloads (2025-03-02) | 1,935.3 g of lunar far-side regolith returned to Earth (2024-06-25) | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) |
| Contract value | $101.5M (2025-03-02) | — | — |
| Outcome | First fully successful commercial soft landing on the Moon (upright, full mission). Operated 346 hours (~14.4 lunar days of daylight + post-sunset science) before battery depletion. Awarded the 2025 Collier Trophy. | First-ever sample return from the lunar far side and the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Used the Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far-side comms. Samples revealed unexpectedly cohesive grain behavior and excavated material from the Moon's mantle. | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.