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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Firefly Aerospace | Astrobotic | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | Firefly Aerospace | Astrobotic | ISRO |
| Status | Landed | Lost | Landed |
| Customer | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2025-01-15 | 2024-01-08 | 2023-07-14 |
| Landing date | 2025-03-02 | — | 2023-08-23 |
| Landing site | Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille (lunar near side) | Sinus Viscositatis (planned; never reached) | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole |
| Payload | 10 NASA CLPS payloads (2025-03-02) | 20 payloads from 7 nations (2024-01-08) | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) |
| Contract value | $101.5M (2025-03-02) | $108M (2024-01-08) | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) |
| Outcome | First fully successful commercial soft landing on the Moon (upright, full mission). Operated 346 hours (~14.4 lunar days of daylight + post-sunset science) before battery depletion. Awarded the 2025 Collier Trophy. | Maiden flight of ULA's Vulcan Centaur. Helium pressurant valve failed to reseal post-actuation, over-pressurizing the oxidizer tank and rupturing it. Lander commanded into controlled re-entry; burned up over South Pacific 2024-01-18. | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. |
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