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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace | Astrobotic |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace | Astrobotic |
| Status | Landed | Landed | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2025-01-15 | 2026-07 (NET) |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | 2025-03-02 | — |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille (lunar near side) | Lunar south pole region |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | 10 NASA CLPS payloads (2025-03-02) | Venturi Astrolab FLIP rover + mass-simulator + secondary payloads (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | $101.5M (2025-03-02) | $199.5M (2020-06-11) |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | First fully successful commercial soft landing on the Moon (upright, full mission). Operated 346 hours (~14.4 lunar days of daylight + post-sunset science) before battery depletion. Awarded the 2025 Collier Trophy. | NASA cancelled VIPER July 2024 citing cost overruns; saved ~$84M vs ~$104M completion cost. Astrobotic retained the lander demonstration task. Mission slipped from late 2025 to NET July 2026. FLIP rover (Venturi Astrolab) selected as replacement manifest. |
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