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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace | JAXA |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace | Mitsubishi Electric |
| Status | Landed | Landed | Landed |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-CLPS | JAXA |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2025-01-15 | 2023-09-06 |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | 2025-03-02 | 2024-01-19 |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille (lunar near side) | Near Shioli crater, Mare Nectaris (~10 m precision vs 100 m target) |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | 10 NASA CLPS payloads (2025-03-02) | LEV-1 (2.1 kg hopper) + LEV-2 'SORA-Q' (0.25 kg sphere) (2024-01-19) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | $101.5M (2025-03-02) | — |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | First fully successful commercial soft landing on the Moon (upright, full mission). Operated 346 hours (~14.4 lunar days of daylight + post-sunset science) before battery depletion. Awarded the 2025 Collier Trophy. | First Japanese soft landing; made Japan the 5th nation to soft-land on the Moon. One of two main engines failed at ~50 m altitude; lander touched down on its side but still met 100-m precision goal. Survived four lunar-night cycles despite not being designed for it; declared concluded 2024-08-23. |
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