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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | ISRO | Astrobotic |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | ISRO | Astrobotic |
| Status | Landed | In development | Lost |
| Customer | ISRO | ISRO | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2027–2028 (NET) | 2024-01-08 |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | — | — |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole | Sinus Viscositatis (planned; never reached) |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) | 20 payloads from 7 nations (2024-01-08) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | — | $108M (2024-01-08) |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. | Maiden flight of ULA's Vulcan Centaur. Helium pressurant valve failed to reseal post-actuation, over-pressurizing the oxidizer tank and rupturing it. Lander commanded into controlled re-entry; burned up over South Pacific 2024-01-18. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.