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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | ispace | Astrobotic |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Draper | Astrobotic |
| Status | Landed | In development | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2027 (NET) | 2026-07 (NET) |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | — | — |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Schrödinger Basin, lunar far side near south pole | Lunar south pole region |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | 300 kg surface payload capacity (2026-05-28) | Venturi Astrolab FLIP rover + mass-simulator + secondary payloads (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | $73M (2022-07-21) | $199.5M (2020-06-11) |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | Pivoted from Series-2 to APEX 1.0 architecture for higher payload capacity and far-side comms via two relay satellites. Far-side polar landing supports NASA's Endurance-A sample-return precursor science. | NASA cancelled VIPER July 2024 citing cost overruns; saved ~$84M vs ~$104M completion cost. Astrobotic retained the lander demonstration task. Mission slipped from late 2025 to NET July 2026. FLIP rover (Venturi Astrolab) selected as replacement manifest. |
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