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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | Astrobotic | ispace |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Astrobotic | Draper |
| Status | Landed | Lost | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2024-01-08 | 2027 (NET) |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | — | — |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Sinus Viscositatis (planned; never reached) | Schrödinger Basin, lunar far side near south pole |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | 20 payloads from 7 nations (2024-01-08) | 300 kg surface payload capacity (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | $108M (2024-01-08) | $73M (2022-07-21) |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | Maiden flight of ULA's Vulcan Centaur. Helium pressurant valve failed to reseal post-actuation, over-pressurizing the oxidizer tank and rupturing it. Lander commanded into controlled re-entry; burned up over South Pacific 2024-01-18. | Pivoted from Series-2 to APEX 1.0 architecture for higher payload capacity and far-side comms via two relay satellites. Far-side polar landing supports NASA's Endurance-A sample-return precursor science. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.