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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | SpaceX | CNSA |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | SpaceX | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) |
| Status | Landed | In development | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-HLS | CNSA |
| Launch date | 2023-07-14 | 2027 (NET — Artemis III) | 2026-08 (NET) |
| Landing date | 2023-08-23 | — | — |
| Landing site | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Lunar south pole (NASA-curated candidate region near 84-90°S) | Shackleton crater illuminated rim, lunar south pole |
| Payload | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | ~100 tonnes to lunar surface (sustained variant target) (2024-04-16) | 18 science payloads across orbiter, lander, rover, mini-hopper, and Queqiao-2 (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | $2.89B + $1.15B Option B = $4.04B total (2022-11-15) | — |
| Outcome | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | Selected April 2021 as sole HLS provider for Artemis III. Architecture requires Super Heavy launch + multiple Starship tanker refueling flights in LEO + transit to NRHO + rendezvous with Orion (SLS). NASA OIG IG-26-004 (March 2026) flagged crew-rescue capability as open risk. October 2025: NASA acting administrator Sean Duffy reopened Artemis III lander contract to competition due to Starship development pace. | China's first dedicated lunar south-pole prospecting mission. Mini-flying probe hops into permanently shadowed regions to sample for water-ice volatiles. Italian laser retroreflector aboard the lander. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.