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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | ISRO | ESA |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | ISRO | Thales Alenia Space (prime) |
| Status | In development | Landed | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | ISRO | ESA |
| Launch date | 2027–2028 (NET) | 2023-07-14 | 2031 (NET) — ArgoNET operational mission |
| Landing date | — | 2023-08-23 | — |
| Landing site | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole | Lunar south pole region (specific site TBD) |
| Payload | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) | Up to 2,100 kg payload (~10,000 kg launch mass) (2025-01-30) |
| Contract value | — | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) | €862M (2025-01-30) |
| Outcome | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. | Europe's first dedicated lunar lander program. Designed to deliver cargo, infrastructure, and surface assets supporting Artemis-era operations. Argonaut Mission 1 demonstration NET 2030; first operational mission ArgoNET in 2031. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.