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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | Astrobotic | Intuitive Machines |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Astrobotic | Intuitive Machines |
| Status | In development | In development | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2027–2028 (NET) | 2026-07 (NET) | 2026-Q4 (NET) |
| Landing date | — | — | — |
| Landing site | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole | Lunar south pole region | Reiner Gamma lunar swirl, Oceanus Procellarum |
| Payload | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) | Venturi Astrolab FLIP rover + mass-simulator + secondary payloads (2026-05-28) | 4 NASA payloads + rover + data-relay satellite + secondary payloads (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | — | $199.5M (2020-06-11) | — |
| Outcome | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. | NASA cancelled VIPER July 2024 citing cost overruns; saved ~$84M vs ~$104M completion cost. Astrobotic retained the lander demonstration task. Mission slipped from late 2025 to NET July 2026. FLIP rover (Venturi Astrolab) selected as replacement manifest. | Targeted to be the first surface mission to land inside a lunar magnetic anomaly (swirl). Manifest includes three NASA-CADRE shoebox rovers, an ESA actuated laser retroreflector, and the Australian ALEPH-1 plant-growth payload. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.