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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | CNSA | ESA | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) | Thales Alenia Space (prime) | ISRO |
| Status | Landed | In development | Landed |
| Customer | CNSA | ESA | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2024-05-03 | 2031 (NET) — ArgoNET operational mission | 2023-07-14 |
| Landing date | 2024-06-01 | — | 2023-08-23 |
| Landing site | Apollo crater, South Pole-Aitken Basin (lunar far side) | Lunar south pole region (specific site TBD) | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole |
| Payload | 1,935.3 g of lunar far-side regolith returned to Earth (2024-06-25) | Up to 2,100 kg payload (~10,000 kg launch mass) (2025-01-30) | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) |
| Contract value | — | €862M (2025-01-30) | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) |
| Outcome | First-ever sample return from the lunar far side and the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Used the Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far-side comms. Samples revealed unexpectedly cohesive grain behavior and excavated material from the Moon's mantle. | Europe's first dedicated lunar lander program. Designed to deliver cargo, infrastructure, and surface assets supporting Artemis-era operations. Argonaut Mission 1 demonstration NET 2030; first operational mission ArgoNET in 2031. | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.