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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | CNSA | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace |
| Prime contractor | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) | ISRO | Firefly Aerospace |
| Status | In development | In development | Landed |
| Customer | CNSA | ISRO | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2026-08 (NET) | 2027–2028 (NET) | 2025-01-15 |
| Landing date | — | — | 2025-03-02 |
| Landing site | Shackleton crater illuminated rim, lunar south pole | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole | Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille (lunar near side) |
| Payload | 18 science payloads across orbiter, lander, rover, mini-hopper, and Queqiao-2 (2026-05-28) | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) | 10 NASA CLPS payloads (2025-03-02) |
| Contract value | — | — | $101.5M (2025-03-02) |
| Outcome | China's first dedicated lunar south-pole prospecting mission. Mini-flying probe hops into permanently shadowed regions to sample for water-ice volatiles. Italian laser retroreflector aboard the lander. | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. | First fully successful commercial soft landing on the Moon (upright, full mission). Operated 346 hours (~14.4 lunar days of daylight + post-sunset science) before battery depletion. Awarded the 2025 Collier Trophy. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.