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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Astrobotic | ispace | ISRO |
| Prime contractor | Astrobotic | Draper | ISRO |
| Status | Lost | In development | Landed |
| Customer | NASA-CLPS | NASA-CLPS | ISRO |
| Launch date | 2024-01-08 | 2027 (NET) | 2023-07-14 |
| Landing date | — | — | 2023-08-23 |
| Landing site | Sinus Viscositatis (planned; never reached) | Schrödinger Basin, lunar far side near south pole | Statio Shiv Shakti, 69.37°S — first soft landing near lunar south pole |
| Payload | 20 payloads from 7 nations (2024-01-08) | 300 kg surface payload capacity (2026-05-28) | Pragyan rover 27 kg + lander Vikram 1,749 kg (2023-08-23) |
| Contract value | $108M (2024-01-08) | $73M (2022-07-21) | ₹6.15B (~$75M USD) (2023-07-14) |
| Outcome | Maiden flight of ULA's Vulcan Centaur. Helium pressurant valve failed to reseal post-actuation, over-pressurizing the oxidizer tank and rupturing it. Lander commanded into controlled re-entry; burned up over South Pacific 2024-01-18. | Pivoted from Series-2 to APEX 1.0 architecture for higher payload capacity and far-side comms via two relay satellites. Far-side polar landing supports NASA's Endurance-A sample-return precursor science. | First soft landing near the lunar south pole and first lunar landing by ISRO. Pragyan rover traversed ~100 m over 10 lunar days, confirmed sulfur, aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, oxygen at the landing site. Lander 'hopped' to a secondary location demonstrating reusable propulsion. |
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