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Six missions have operated on the Martian surface since 1997 — three simultaneously in 2022.
| Attribute | Perseverance (Mars 2020) Mars 2020 Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | NASA/JPL | NASA/JPL | CNSA |
| Status | Active | Mission Complete | Hibernating |
| Vehicle type | rover | helicopter | rover |
| Launch date | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-23 |
| Landing date | 2021-02-18 | 2021-02-18 | 2021-05-22 |
| Landing site | Octavia E. Butler Landing, Jezero Crater | Wright Brothers Field, Jezero Crater (deployed from Perseverance) | Utopia Planitia |
| Launch mass | 1,025 kgas of [1] | 1.8 kgas of [1] | 240 kgas of [1] |
| Power system | Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) | Solar panels + 6 lithium-ion batteries | Solar panels + rechargeable battery |
| Instruments | 7 primary science instruments + 19 cameras + 2 microphonesas of [1]Mastcam-Z, SuperCam, PIXL, SHERLOC, RIMFAX, MEDA, MOXIE; MOXIE completed Oct 2023 | 2 cameras (color + navigation)as of [1]Navigation camera + color camera; no science instruments beyond imaging | 6 science instrumentsas of [1]Multispectral camera, terrain camera, subsurface radar (RoPeR), magnetometer, meteorological instrument, LIBS spectrometer |
| Distance traveled | ~22 kmas of [1]Actively driving; cached 24 sample tubes for future Mars Sample Return ↑ Farthest | ~11.6 kmas of [1]Total distance across 72 flights; final flight January 18, 2024 | 1.922 kmas of [1]Final confirmed odometry before entering hibernation for Martian winter |
| Mission outcome | First spacecraft to demonstrate oxygen production on Mars (MOXIE). Collected and cached 24 sample tubes for eventual Mars Sample Return. Documented diverse rock types in Jezero's ancient river delta. Deployed and supported Ingenuity through 72 flights. | First powered controlled flight on another planet — technology demonstration that exceeded all expectations. Originally planned for 5 test flights, completed 72 before a rotor blade broke in January 2024. Achieved altitudes up to 24 m and flight durations up to 169.5 seconds. | China's first successful Mars landing. Operated for 92 sols, traveling 1.922 km and collecting subsurface radar data suggesting ancient water ice deposits. Entered hibernation May 2022; CNSA has not publicly confirmed contact restoration as of mid-2026. |
All 6 surface vehicles with primary-source citations from NASA JPL, NASA NSSDCA, and CNSA. Pure URL state — bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.