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Six missions have operated on the Martian surface since 1997 — three simultaneously in 2022.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | NASA/JPL | NASA/JPL | CNSA |
| Status | Mission Complete | Mission Complete | Hibernating |
| Vehicle type | rover | rover | rover |
| Launch date | 2003-06-10 | 2003-07-07 | 2020-07-23 |
| Landing date | 2004-01-04 | 2004-01-25 | 2021-05-22 |
| Landing site | Gusev Crater | Eagle Crater, Meridiani Planum | Utopia Planitia |
| Launch mass | 185 kgas of [1] | 185 kgas of [1] | 240 kgas of [1] |
| Power system | Solar panels + lithium-ion battery | Solar panels + lithium-ion battery | Solar panels + rechargeable battery |
| Instruments | 5 science instruments + RAT drill + Magnet arraysas of [1]Pancam, Mini-TES, Mössbauer Spectrometer, APXS, Microscopic Imager | 5 science instruments + RAT drill + Magnet arraysas of [1]Same instrument suite as Spirit: Pancam, Mini-TES, Mössbauer, APXS, MI | 6 science instrumentsas of [1]Multispectral camera, terrain camera, subsurface radar (RoPeR), magnetometer, meteorological instrument, LIBS spectrometer |
| Distance traveled | 7.73 kmas of [1]Final odometry before contact lost; rover became stuck in soft soil in 2009 | 45.16 kmas of [1]Mars distance record for a surface vehicle; final odometry at last contact ↑ Farthest | 1.922 kmas of [1]Final confirmed odometry before entering hibernation for Martian winter |
| Mission outcome | Landed in Gusev Crater and traversed 7.73 km over 2,208 sols — 24× its design lifetime. Found evidence of ancient hydrothermal activity at Home Plate. Became permanently immobile in soft soil in 2009; contact lost March 2010. | Traversed 45.16 km across Meridiani Planum — a world distance record for surface vehicles. Found sedimentary evidence of standing liquid water at Eagle Crater. Reached Endeavour Crater rim in 2011, 9 km from landing site. Contact lost in a 2018 global dust storm after 14+ years of operations. | China's first successful Mars landing. Operated for 92 sols, traveling 1.922 km and collecting subsurface radar data suggesting ancient water ice deposits. Entered hibernation May 2022; CNSA has not publicly confirmed contact restoration as of mid-2026. |
All 6 surface vehicles with primary-source citations from NASA JPL, NASA NSSDCA, and CNSA. Pure URL state — bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.