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Six missions have operated on the Martian surface since 1997 — three simultaneously in 2022.
| Attribute | Perseverance (Mars 2020) Mars 2020 Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | CNSA | NASA/JPL | NASA/JPL |
| Status | Hibernating | Mission Complete | Active |
| Vehicle type | rover | helicopter | rover |
| Launch date | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 |
| Landing date | 2021-05-22 | 2021-02-18 | 2021-02-18 |
| Landing site | Utopia Planitia | Wright Brothers Field, Jezero Crater (deployed from Perseverance) | Octavia E. Butler Landing, Jezero Crater |
| Launch mass | 240 kgas of [1] | 1.8 kgas of [1] | 1,025 kgas of [1] |
| Power system | Solar panels + rechargeable battery | Solar panels + 6 lithium-ion batteries | Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) |
| Instruments | 6 science instrumentsas of [1]Multispectral camera, terrain camera, subsurface radar (RoPeR), magnetometer, meteorological instrument, LIBS spectrometer | 2 cameras (color + navigation)as of [1]Navigation camera + color camera; no science instruments beyond imaging | 7 primary science instruments + 19 cameras + 2 microphonesas of [1]Mastcam-Z, SuperCam, PIXL, SHERLOC, RIMFAX, MEDA, MOXIE; MOXIE completed Oct 2023 |
| Distance traveled | 1.922 kmas of [1]Final confirmed odometry before entering hibernation for Martian winter | ~11.6 kmas of [1]Total distance across 72 flights; final flight January 18, 2024 | ~22 kmas of [1]Actively driving; cached 24 sample tubes for future Mars Sample Return ↑ Farthest |
| Mission outcome | China's first successful Mars landing. Operated for 92 sols, traveling 1.922 km and collecting subsurface radar data suggesting ancient water ice deposits. Entered hibernation May 2022; CNSA has not publicly confirmed contact restoration as of mid-2026. | First powered controlled flight on another planet — technology demonstration that exceeded all expectations. Originally planned for 5 test flights, completed 72 before a rotor blade broke in January 2024. Achieved altitudes up to 24 m and flight durations up to 169.5 seconds. | First spacecraft to demonstrate oxygen production on Mars (MOXIE). Collected and cached 24 sample tubes for eventual Mars Sample Return. Documented diverse rock types in Jezero's ancient river delta. Deployed and supported Ingenuity through 72 flights. |
All 6 surface vehicles with primary-source citations from NASA JPL, NASA NSSDCA, and CNSA. Pure URL state — bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.