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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | ||
|---|---|---|
| Company | JAXA / Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | CASC / SAST |
| Country | 🇯🇵 Japan | 🇨🇳 China |
| Status | Retired | Active |
| Vehicle class | Medium | Medium |
| Propellant | LH₂ / LOX (LE-7A first stage + LE-5B second stage) | UDMH / N₂O₄ (hypergolic all stages) |
| Reusable | No | No |
| Stages | 2 | 2 |
| First flight | 2001 – 2025 | 1992 |
| Payload to LEO | 10,000 kgas of [1]202 configuration (2 SRB-A3 solid strap-ons) ↑ Best | 3,500 kgas of [1]SSO capacity ~1,300 kg; standard LEO 3,500 kg |
| Payload to GTO | 4,100 kgas of [1]202 configuration ↑ Best | — |
| Height | 53 mas of [1] ↑ Best | 41.06 mas of [1] |
| Liftoff mass | 285 tas of [1]202 configuration ↑ Best | 232 tas of [1] |
| Success rate | 98%as of [2]49/50 successes. Only failure: F6 (Nov 2003, MTSAT-1R lost due to SRB separation anomaly). Retired after Flight 50 (GOSAT-GW, Jun 28, 2025). | 98.7%as of [2]~77/78 successes; one known failure (CZ-2D Y7, Mar 1995 upper-stage anomaly) ↑ Best |
| Total flights | 50as of [2]50 flights from 2001–2025. H3 replaces it from 2024 onward. | ~78as of [2] ↑ Best |
| Cost / kg LEO | — | — |
| Summary | Japan's flagship medium-lift rocket for 24 years, retiring after an exceptional 49/50 mission success record. Launched the SELENE lunar orbiter (2007), Akatsuki Venus probe (2010), Hayabusa2 (2014), SLIM lunar lander (2023), and the ALOS series Earth observation satellites. | China's most-used sun-synchronous and polar orbit workhorse for small-to-medium military and commercial Earth observation satellites. Launched from Jiuquan and Taiyuan. Uses storable hypergolic propellants for high launch-readiness but produces toxic exhaust. |
28 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.