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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | Nuri (KSLV-II) 🇰🇷 South Korea Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Remove × | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Company | ExPace (CASIC subsidiary) | LandSpace | KARI / Hanwha Aerospace |
| Country | 🇨🇳 China | 🇨🇳 China | 🇰🇷 South Korea |
| Status | Active | Active | Active |
| Vehicle class | Small | Medium | Medium |
| Propellant | Solid (3 stages) + liquid-fueled 4th stage | CH₄ / LOX (9× TQ-12B first stage; TQ-15B vacuum upper stage) | RP-1 / LOX (KRE-075 engines all stages) |
| Reusable | No | Yes | No |
| Stages | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| First flight | 2017 | 2025 | 2021 |
| Payload to LEO | 400 kgas of [1] | 21,000 kgas of [1]Expendable; ~18,300 kg with first-stage recovery ↑ Best | 2,600 kgas of [1]600 km SSO target orbit |
| Payload to GTO | — | — | — |
| Height | 19.4 mas of [1] | 76.2 mas of [1] ↑ Best | 47.2 mas of [1] |
| Liftoff mass | 30 tas of [1]Transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) capable — road-mobile solid launcher. | ~660 tas of [1] ↑ Best | 200 tas of [1] |
| Success rate | ~85% (23 successes, 3 failures, 1 partial failure of 27)as of [1] ↑ Best | 100%as of [2]1/1 orbital successes (Y1, Dec 3, 2025). First-stage recovery failed — abnormal combustion during the landing burn crashed the booster near the landing zone. | 75%as of [2]3/4 full successes: TF1 (Oct 2021) partial, TF2 (Jun 2022) success, TF3 (May 2023) success, TF4 (Nov 27, 2025 — first Hanwha-led production launch) success |
| Total flights | 27as of [1] ↑ Best | 1as of [3]Second orbital launch and recovery attempt targeted Q2 2026 per LandSpace | 4as of [2] |
| Cost / kg LEO | — | — | — |
| Summary | CASIC's road-mobile, quick-response small solid launcher, operated commercially by ExPace since 2017 — one of the higher-cadence Chinese small-lift vehicles. | LandSpace's stainless-steel, reusable methalox rocket — China's closest analogue to Falcon 9. The Y1 debut (Dec 3, 2025) reached orbit on the first attempt but lost the booster during its landing attempt; a second flight with another recovery attempt is targeted for Q2 2026. | South Korea's first domestically developed and produced launch vehicle, designed entirely without foreign engine technology. Nuri TF4 (Nov 2025) was the first launch managed by Hanwha Aerospace rather than KARI — marking the transition to commercial operation. KASA (Korea Aerospace Administration) took over programme oversight in 2024. |
48 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.