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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Roscosmos / Progress Rocket Space Centre | Avio | LandSpace |
| Country | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇪🇺 Europe | 🇨🇳 China |
| Status | Active | In Development | Active |
| Vehicle class | Medium | Small | Medium |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX | Solid (P160C first stage) / LOX-methane (cryogenic upper stage) | Methalox (LOX / liquid methane) |
| Reusable | No | No | No |
| Stages | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| First flight | 2004 | 2027 | 2024 |
| Payload to LEO | 8,200 kgas of [1]Soyuz-2.1b with Fregat upper stage; 2.1a variant ~7,020 kg LEO ↑ Best | — | 6,000 kgas of [1]4,000 kg to 500 km SSO. Enhanced variant of the base Zhuque-2 with a common-bulkhead tank, TQ-15 thrust-vectoring engine on stage 2, and a niobium-alloy nozzle extension. A further-improved Block 2 first flew 2026-05-14 with subcooled propellant loading and a 3-ignition second stage. |
| Payload to GTO | 3,250 kgas of [1]With Fregat-M upper stage ↑ Best | — | — |
| Height | 46.3 mas of [1] ↑ Best | — | — |
| Liftoff mass | 312 tas of [1] ↑ Best | — | — |
| Success rate | 97%as of [2]~160/165 mission successes since 2004 per aggregated launch logs | — | 100% since 2024-11-27 debutas of [1] ↑ Best |
| Total flights | ~165as of [2] ↑ Best | — | 2+ (2E variant)as of [1] |
| Cost / kg LEO | — | — | — |
| Summary | Russia's primary medium-lift workhorse, descended from the Soyuz family that has flown since 1966. Carries both crewed Soyuz spacecraft and Cygnus-class cargo. Fregat upper stage significantly expands mission flexibility. Production continues at Samara (now TsSKB-Progress). | The next evolution of ESA's Vega line: replaces the Zefiro-9 and AVUM+ stages with a single cryogenic LOX/methane upper stage powered by the new M10 engine, adding multi-orbit deployment flexibility. First flight is a stated target (2027), not yet flown. | LandSpace's enhanced methalox launcher, the higher-performance successor to the original Zhuque-2 (the first methalox rocket ever to reach orbit, in 2023) — see slug 'zhuque-2' for the original vehicle already in our database. |
48 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.