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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Avio / Arianespace | LandSpace | LandSpace |
| Country | 🇪🇺 Europe | 🇨🇳 China | 🇨🇳 China |
| Status | Active | Active | Active |
| Vehicle class | Small | Medium | Medium |
| Propellant | Solid (HTPB + ammonium perchlorate all four stages) | CH₄ / LOX (9× TQ-12B first stage; TQ-15B vacuum upper stage) | Methalox (LOX / liquid methane) |
| Reusable | No | Yes | No |
| Stages | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| First flight | 2022 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Payload to LEO | 2,300 kgas of [1]SSO: ~1,700 kg | 21,000 kgas of [1]Expendable; ~18,300 kg with first-stage recovery ↑ Best | 6,000 kgas of [1]4,000 kg to 500 km SSO. Enhanced variant of the base Zhuque-2 with a common-bulkhead tank, TQ-15 thrust-vectoring engine on stage 2, and a niobium-alloy nozzle extension. A further-improved Block 2 first flew 2026-05-14 with subcooled propellant loading and a 3-ignition second stage. |
| Payload to GTO | — | — | — |
| Height | 35 mas of [1] | 76.2 mas of [1] ↑ Best | — |
| Liftoff mass | 210 tas of [1] | ~660 tas of [1] ↑ Best | — |
| Success rate | 75%as of [2]6/8 successes; VV22 (Dec 2022) Zefiro-40 failure destroyed Pléiades Neo 5&6; returned to flight VV25 (Dec 2024). 3 successes in 2025. | 100%as of [2]1/1 orbital successes (Y1, Dec 3, 2025). First-stage recovery failed — abnormal combustion during the landing burn crashed the booster near the landing zone. | 100% since 2024-11-27 debutas of [1] ↑ Best |
| Total flights | 8as of [2] | 1as of [3]Second orbital launch and recovery attempt targeted Q2 2026 per LandSpace | 2+ (2E variant)as of [1] ↑ Best |
| Cost / kg LEO | ~$16,500/kgas of [1]Based on ~$38M list price / 2,300 kg ↓ Cheapest | — | — |
| Summary | Europe's primary small satellite launcher derived from Vega. The P120C first-stage motor is shared with Ariane 6's solid strap-on boosters. Avio took over programme management from Arianespace in Dec 2025. | LandSpace's stainless-steel, reusable methalox rocket — China's closest analogue to Falcon 9. The Y1 debut (Dec 3, 2025) reached orbit on the first attempt but lost the booster during its landing attempt; a second flight with another recovery attempt is targeted for Q2 2026. | LandSpace's enhanced methalox launcher, the higher-performance successor to the original Zhuque-2 (the first methalox rocket ever to reach orbit, in 2023) — see slug 'zhuque-2' for the original vehicle already in our database. |
48 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.