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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Avio | Khrunichev / Roscosmos | Interstellar Technologies |
| Country | 🇪🇺 Europe | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| Status | In Development | Active | In Development |
| Vehicle class | Small | Heavy | Small |
| Propellant | Solid (P160C first stage) / LOX-methane (cryogenic upper stage) | RP-1 / LOX (RD-191, all 5 modules) | Liquid biomethane (LBM) / LOX |
| Reusable | No | No | No |
| Stages | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| First flight | 2027 | 2014 | 2027 |
| Payload to LEO | — | 24,500 kgas of [1]With KVTK cryogenic upper stage (planned); Briz-M gives ~5,400 kg GTO ↑ Best | 250 kgas of [1]500 km SSO. No flight attempts as of this research — follows the company's successful suborbital MOMO sounding-rocket program. A larger orbital vehicle, DECA, was announced January 2023. |
| Payload to GTO | — | 5,400 kgas of [1]Briz-M upper stage. KVTK would raise this to ~7,500 kg. ↑ Best | — |
| Height | — | 64 mas of [1] ↑ Best | — |
| Liftoff mass | — | 773 tas of [1] ↑ Best | — |
| Success rate | — | 100%as of [2]4/4 mission successes: Dec 2014, Dec 2020, Mar 2023, Apr 2024 ↑ Best | — |
| Total flights | — | 4as of [2] ↑ Best | — |
| Cost / kg LEO | — | — | — |
| Summary | The next evolution of ESA's Vega line: replaces the Zefiro-9 and AVUM+ stages with a single cryogenic LOX/methane upper stage powered by the new M10 engine, adding multi-orbit deployment flexibility. First flight is a stated target (2027), not yet flown. | Russia's new-generation heavy-lift rocket built entirely of Russian-manufactured components — a political priority after Proton-M's dependence on Ukrainian components. Five URM-1 universal rocket modules share the same propellant (RP-1/LOX), unlike Proton-M's toxic hypergolics. Flight rate remains very low. | A liquid-biomethane orbital smallsat launcher from Interstellar Technologies, Japan's most established private rocket startup by suborbital flight heritage, though not yet flown to orbit. |
48 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.