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The global launch market reached $14.1 billion in 2024 — up 34% since 2021.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Company | Avio | Roscosmos / Progress Rocket Space Centre | Orienspace |
| Country | 🇪🇺 Europe | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇨🇳 China |
| Status | In Development | Active | Active |
| Vehicle class | Small | Medium | Medium |
| Propellant | Solid (P160C first stage) / LOX-methane (cryogenic upper stage) | RP-1 / LOX | Solid (HTPB) — three core stages + four strap-on boosters |
| Reusable | No | No | No |
| Stages | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| First flight | 2027 | 2004 | 2024 |
| Payload to LEO | — | 8,200 kgas of [1]Soyuz-2.1b with Fregat upper stage; 2.1a variant ~7,020 kg LEO ↑ Best | 6,500 kgas of [1]~4,200 kg to 500 km SSO |
| Payload to GTO | — | 3,250 kgas of [1]With Fregat-M upper stage ↑ Best | — |
| Height | — | 46.3 mas of [1] ↑ Best | 30 mas of [1] |
| Liftoff mass | — | 312 tas of [1] | ~400 tas of [1] ↑ Best |
| Success rate | — | 97%as of [2]~160/165 mission successes since 2004 per aggregated launch logs | 100%as of [2]2/2 successes: maiden flight Jan 11, 2024; second flight Oct 2025 delivered 3 commercial satellites to SSO ↑ Best |
| Total flights | — | ~165as of [2] ↑ Best | 2as of [2]Both flights launched from a barge in the Yellow Sea off Haiyang, Shandong |
| Cost / kg LEO | — | — | — |
| Summary | The next evolution of ESA's Vega line: replaces the Zefiro-9 and AVUM+ stages with a single cryogenic LOX/methane upper stage powered by the new M10 engine, adding multi-orbit deployment flexibility. First flight is a stated target (2027), not yet flown. | Russia's primary medium-lift workhorse, descended from the Soyuz family that has flown since 1966. Carries both crewed Soyuz spacecraft and Cygnus-class cargo. Fregat upper stage significantly expands mission flexibility. Production continues at Samara (now TsSKB-Progress). | The world's most powerful solid-propellant launch vehicle and the largest rocket yet flown from a sea platform. Orienspace's barge-launched Gravity-1 gives Chinese commercial customers a mobile, weather-flexible ride for mid-inclination smallsat batches; both flights to date succeeded. |
48 launch vehicles across 10 countries — active, retired, and in development — with primary-source citations from manufacturer user guides and agency press kits. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.