Pick up to 4 telescopes to compare side-by-side. State lives in the URL — share the link and the comparison loads exactly as you left it.
Space telescope data has underpinned 1.5 million+ scientific papers since 1990.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | NASA | ESA | NASA |
| Status | Retired | Active | Retired |
| Wavelength band | optical | multi | infrared |
| Launch year | 2009 – 2018 | 2023 | 2003 – 2020 |
| Orbit | Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit | Sun-Earth L2 point | Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit |
| Mirror / aperture | 1.4 mas of [1] ↑ Largest | 1.2 mas of [1] | 0.85 mas of [1] |
| Mass | 1,052 kgas of [1] | 2,160 kgas of [1] ↑ Heaviest | 950 kgas of [1] |
| Wavelength range | 0.43–0.89 μm (optical) | 0.55–2.02 μm (optical VIS + near-IR NISP) | 3.6–160 μm (mid-to-far infrared) |
| Key missions |
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| Summary | The mission that proved planets are abundant throughout the galaxy. Kepler monitored 150,000+ stars continuously for 4 years, finding that most stars host planets. A reaction wheel failure in 2013 ended the primary mission; the repurposed K2 mission (2014–2018) found 1,000+ additional planets before fuel ran out. | ESA's dark energy explorer, launched July 1, 2023. Euclid will map the 3D distribution of ~1.5 billion galaxies across a third of the sky over 6 years, measuring dark energy and dark matter with unprecedented precision. Its first science-quality images, released February 2024, demonstrated exceptional optics. | NASA's infrared Great Observatory, operating 2003–2020. Best known for discovering the TRAPPIST-1 system of 7 Earth-sized planets, including 3 in the habitable zone (with ground telescopes). Ran out of cryogen in 2009 but continued 'warm mission' until retirement in January 2020. |
All 9 major space telescopes with primary-source citations from NASA, ESA, STScI, and JPL. Pure URL state — bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.