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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Andoya Spaceport 🇳🇴 Norway Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Baikonur Cosmodrome 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Andoya Space | Maritime Launch Services Ltd. (TSX-V: MAXC) | Roscosmos |
| Ownership | State Enterprise | Private | International Consortium |
| Region | 🇳🇴 Norway | 🇨🇦 Canada | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan |
| Launch pads | 2 sounding rocket rails; 1 orbital pad under developmentas of [1] | — | 9 active (Soyuz-2 × 3, Proton-M × 2, Zenit × 1, Zenith-3SLB, and reserve pads)as of [1]Many historic pads retired; total complex has 52 pads historically ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 6–10 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital launches pending; sounding rocket campaigns only through 2026 | 0 (target 1–3 by 2028) ↑ Most active | ~15as of [1] |
| Max payload (LEO) | suborbital only (< 1,000 kg payload to apogee)as of [1]Orbital LV commercial contracts under negotiation as of Q1 2026 | — | 22,800 kg to LEO (Proton-M)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1962-08-18as of [1]First sounding rocket from Andøya Island; orbital capability planned late 2020s | 2023 | 1957-10-04as of [1]Sputnik 1 — first artificial Earth satellite ever launched |
| Regulatory regime | Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry & Fisheries + Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA); aligned with EASA airspace coordination | Transport Canada / Canadian Space Agency (CSA) / NAV CANADA — Canada's first commercial orbital launch regulatory regime, still being codified | Roscosmos (lease through 2050) / Kazakhstan KazCosmos co-oversight under 1994 lease agreement |
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