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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Baikonur Cosmodrome 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Naro Space Center 🇰🇷 South Korea Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Roscosmos | KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) | Highlands and Islands Enterprise / Orbex |
| Ownership | International Consortium | Government | Public-Private |
| Region | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom |
| Launch pads | 9 active (Soyuz-2 × 3, Proton-M × 2, Zenit × 1, Zenith-3SLB, and reserve pads)as of [1]Many historic pads retired; total complex has 52 pads historically ↑ Most pads | 1 (KSLV-II/Nuri launch pad; KSLV-III pad planned)as of [1] | — |
| Annual launches | ~15as of [1] | 2–3as of [1] | 0 |
| Max payload (LEO) | 22,800 kg to LEO (Proton-M)as of [1] | 1,500 kg to 500 km SSO (Nuri KSLV-II)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | — |
| First operational launch | 1957-10-04as of [1]Sputnik 1 — first artificial Earth satellite ever launched | 2009-08-25as of [1]KSLV-1 first attempt (partially successful); first successful Korean orbital launch 2022-06-21 (Nuri) | 2023 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos (lease through 2050) / Kazakhstan KazCosmos co-oversight under 1994 lease agreement | KASA (Korea AeroSpace Administration, established May 2024) / MSIT | UK CAA under the Space Industry Act 2018; planning consent granted Aug 2022 by Highland Council |
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