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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Baikonur Cosmodrome 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Uchinoura Space Center 🇯🇵 Japan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Roscosmos | JAXA | BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) / former LAPAN |
| Ownership | International Consortium | Government | Government |
| Region | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 🇯🇵 Japan | 🇮🇩 Indonesia |
| Launch pads | 9 active (Soyuz-2 × 3, Proton-M × 2, Zenit × 1, Zenith-3SLB, and reserve pads)as of [1]Many historic pads retired; total complex has 52 pads historically ↑ Most pads | 1 orbital (M-V pad, reconfigured for Epsilon-S)as of [1] | — |
| Annual launches | ~15as of [1] | 1–2as of [1] | 0 |
| Max payload (LEO) | 22,800 kg to LEO (Proton-M)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | 700 kg to SSO (Epsilon-S target)as of [1]Epsilon-S return-to-flight following 2022 failure under investigation | — |
| First operational launch | 1957-10-04as of [1]Sputnik 1 — first artificial Earth satellite ever launched | 1970-02-11as of [1]Ohsumi — Japan's first satellite; first satellite launched by a non-superpower | 2006 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos (lease through 2050) / Kazakhstan KazCosmos co-oversight under 1994 lease agreement | MEXT / Cabinet Office Space Activities Act (2018, amended 2023) | Indonesian Aerospace Law (Law 21/2013); BRIN under Presidential Regulation. No active launch-licensing regime — would require new statute. |
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