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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Esrange Space Center 🇸🇪 Sweden Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Andoya Spaceport 🇳🇴 Norway Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | Andoya Space |
| Ownership | State Enterprise | Military | State Enterprise |
| Region | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇳🇴 Norway |
| Launch pads | 1 orbital pad (under development; multiple sounding rocket launch rails)as of [1] | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 2 sounding rocket rails; 1 orbital pad under developmentas of [1] |
| Annual launches | 8–12 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital capacity ~100 kg planned for 2027; SSC orbital pad construction ongoing | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | 6–10 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital launches pending; sounding rocket campaigns only through 2026 |
| Max payload (LEO) | suborbital only (historical); ~100 kg to SSO planned 2027as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] | suborbital only (< 1,000 kg payload to apogee)as of [1]Orbital LV commercial contracts under negotiation as of Q1 2026 |
| First operational launch | 1966-11-19as of [1]First Nike-Cajun sounding rocket from Esrange; first European orbital launch site when orbital pad opens | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1962-08-18as of [1]First sounding rocket from Andøya Island; orbital capability planned late 2020s |
| Regulatory regime | Swedish Space Act (1982:963) + Swedish National Space Agency; EU/EASA airspace coordination | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry & Fisheries + Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA); aligned with EASA airspace coordination |
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