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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 🇨🇳 China Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Andoya Spaceport 🇳🇴 Norway Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | CNSA / PLA Strategic Support Force | Andoya Space | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) |
| Ownership | Military | State Enterprise | Military |
| Region | 🇨🇳 China | 🇳🇴 Norway | 🇷🇺 Russia |
| Launch pads | 4 active (SLS-1, SLS-2 Long March 2C/4; LC-43 crewed Shenzhou; LC-43/921 Long March 2F)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 2 sounding rocket rails; 1 orbital pad under developmentas of [1] | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] |
| Annual launches | ~20as of [1] | 6–10 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital launches pending; sounding rocket campaigns only through 2026 | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests |
| Max payload (LEO) | 8,500 kg to LEO (Long March 2F)as of [1] | suborbital only (< 1,000 kg payload to apogee)as of [1]Orbital LV commercial contracts under negotiation as of Q1 2026 | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1970-04-24as of [1]Dong Fang Hong 1 — China's first satellite; first orbital launch from Jiuquan | 1962-08-18as of [1]First sounding rocket from Andøya Island; orbital capability planned late 2020s | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch |
| Regulatory regime | Chinese State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) | Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry & Fisheries + Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA); aligned with EASA airspace coordination | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 |
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