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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Naro Space Center 🇰🇷 South Korea Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Guiana Space Centre 🇫🇷 France Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | ESA / CNES |
| Ownership | Government | Military | International Consortium |
| Region | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇫🇷 France |
| Launch pads | 1 (KSLV-II/Nuri launch pad; KSLV-III pad planned)as of [1] | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 3 (ELA-4 Ariane 6, ZLV Vega-C, ELS Soyuz-retired 2022)as of [1] |
| Annual launches | 2–3as of [1] | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | 4–8as of [1]Ariane 6 cadence ramping post-2024 return-to-flight; Vega-C return TBD |
| Max payload (LEO) | 1,500 kg to 500 km SSO (Nuri KSLV-II)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] | 10,735 kg to GTO (Ariane 6.4, dual-payload)as of [2] |
| First operational launch | 2009-08-25as of [1]KSLV-1 first attempt (partially successful); first successful Korean orbital launch 2022-06-21 (Nuri) | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1968-04-09as of [1]First Véronique sounding rocket; first orbital launch 1979-12-24 (Ariane 1, CAT-01) |
| Regulatory regime | KASA (Korea AeroSpace Administration, established May 2024) / MSIT | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | ESA Convention + French Space Operations Act (LOS, 2008) under CNES oversight |
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