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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Palmachim Airbase 🇮🇱 Israel Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Wallops Flight Facility 🇺🇸 United States Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Israel Defense Forces / Israel Aerospace Industries | Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) / Vietnam National Space Center (VNSC) | NASA |
| Ownership | Military | Government | Public-Private |
| Region | 🇮🇱 Israel | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 🇺🇸 United States |
| Launch pads | 1 active (classified IAF facility)as of [1] | — | 2 orbital (Pad 0A Antares, Pad 0B Minotaur-C)as of [1] ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 1–2as of [1] | 0 | 6–10as of [1]Includes Antares/Cygnus cargo + sounding rocket campaigns |
| Max payload (LEO) | ~350 kg to retrograde LEO (Shavit-2)as of [1]Launches westward over Mediterranean due to geopolitical overflight constraints; unusual retrograde orbit | — | 8,000 kg to LEO (Antares 230+)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1988-09-19as of [2]Ofeq-1 — Israel's first satellite; first nation ever to launch into retrograde orbit from a dedicated national site | 2024 | 1945-06-27as of [1]First Wallops Island V-2/WAC Corporal test; orbital launches began 1961 |
| Regulatory regime | Israel Space Agency (ISA) civil oversight; Ministry of Defense controls dual-use launches and Ofeq reconnaissance program | Vietnam Law on Atomic Energy and pending space-activity legislation; no current orbital-launch licensing framework — would require new statute | NASA range + FAA-AST Part 450 commercial license under MARS operating agreement |
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