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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Palmachim Airbase 🇮🇱 Israel Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Satish Dhawan Space Centre 🇮🇳 India Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Israel Defense Forces / Israel Aerospace Industries | ISC Kosmotras (defunct) / Russian Strategic Rocket Forces | ISRO |
| Ownership | Military | Military | Government |
| Region | 🇮🇱 Israel | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇮🇳 India |
| Launch pads | 1 active (classified IAF facility)as of [1] | — | 3 (FLP PSLV; SLP GSLV Mk II; ULP LVM3/Gaganyaan)as of [1] ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 1–2as of [1] | 0 | 5–8as of [1] |
| Max payload (LEO) | ~350 kg to retrograde LEO (Shavit-2)as of [1]Launches westward over Mediterranean due to geopolitical overflight constraints; unusual retrograde orbit | — | 8,000 kg to LEO (LVM3 / GSLV Mk III)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1988-09-19as of [2]Ofeq-1 — Israel's first satellite; first nation ever to launch into retrograde orbit from a dedicated national site | 1999 | 1979-08-10as of [1]Rohini Technology Payload on SLV-3 — India's first orbital launch |
| Regulatory regime | Israel Space Agency (ISA) civil oversight; Ministry of Defense controls dual-use launches and Ofeq reconnaissance program | Russian Ministry of Defence + Roscosmos; commercial operations ceased after Russia-Ukraine cooperation collapse 2014/2022 | IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre) under Department of Space |
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