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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 🇨🇳 China Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | CNSA / PLA Strategic Support Force | BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) / former LAPAN |
| Ownership | Military | Military | Government |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇨🇳 China | 🇮🇩 Indonesia |
| Launch pads | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] | 4 active (SLS-1, SLS-2 Long March 2C/4; LC-43 crewed Shenzhou; LC-43/921 Long March 2F)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | — |
| Annual launches | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | ~20as of [1] | 0 |
| Max payload (LEO) | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | 8,500 kg to LEO (Long March 2F)as of [1] | — |
| First operational launch | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1970-04-24as of [1]Dong Fang Hong 1 — China's first satellite; first orbital launch from Jiuquan | 2006 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | Chinese State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) | Indonesian Aerospace Law (Law 21/2013); BRIN under Presidential Regulation. No active launch-licensing regime — would require new statute. |
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