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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Tanegashima Space Center 🇯🇵 Japan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | JAXA | Houston Airport System |
| Ownership | Military | Government | Public-Private |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇯🇵 Japan | 🇺🇸 United States |
| Launch pads | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 2 (Yoshinobu Launch Complex: LP-1 H-IIA/B, LP-2 H3)as of [1] | — |
| Annual launches | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | 2–4as of [1] | 0 |
| Max payload (LEO) | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] | 16,500 kg to LEO (H3-24L variant)as of [1]H3 first successful orbital flight February 2024 ↑ Highest capacity | — |
| First operational launch | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1975-09-09as of [1]ETS-1 (Kiku) on N-I rocket — Japan's first domestically-launched satellite | 2015 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | MEXT / Cabinet Office Space Activities Act (2018, amended 2023) | FAA-AST Launch Site Operator License (horizontal launch) |
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