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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Satish Dhawan Space Centre 🇮🇳 India Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Baikonur Cosmodrome 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | Roscosmos |
| Ownership | Government | Military | International Consortium |
| Region | 🇮🇳 India | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan |
| Launch pads | 3 (FLP PSLV; SLP GSLV Mk II; ULP LVM3/Gaganyaan)as of [1] | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 9 active (Soyuz-2 × 3, Proton-M × 2, Zenit × 1, Zenith-3SLB, and reserve pads)as of [1]Many historic pads retired; total complex has 52 pads historically |
| Annual launches | 5–8as of [1] | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | ~15as of [1] |
| Max payload (LEO) | 8,000 kg to LEO (LVM3 / GSLV Mk III)as of [1] | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity | 22,800 kg to LEO (Proton-M)as of [1] |
| First operational launch | 1979-08-10as of [1]Rohini Technology Payload on SLV-3 — India's first orbital launch | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1957-10-04as of [1]Sputnik 1 — first artificial Earth satellite ever launched |
| Regulatory regime | IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre) under Department of Space | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | Roscosmos (lease through 2050) / Kazakhstan KazCosmos co-oversight under 1994 lease agreement |
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