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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Esrange Space Center 🇸🇪 Sweden Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | New Mexico Spaceport Authority | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) | Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) |
| Ownership | Public-Private | Military | State Enterprise |
| Region | 🇺🇸 United States | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇸🇪 Sweden |
| Launch pads | — | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads | 1 orbital pad (under development; multiple sounding rocket launch rails)as of [1] |
| Annual launches | 5-10 | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests | 8–12 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital capacity ~100 kg planned for 2027; SSC orbital pad construction ongoing |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] | suborbital only (historical); ~100 kg to SSO planned 2027as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 2011 | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch | 1966-11-19as of [1]First Nike-Cajun sounding rocket from Esrange; first European orbital launch site when orbital pad opens |
| Regulatory regime | FAA-AST Launch Site Operator License (vertical + horizontal) | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 | Swedish Space Act (1982:963) + Swedish National Space Agency; EU/EASA airspace coordination |
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