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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Uchinoura Space Center 🇯🇵 Japan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Plesetsk Cosmodrome 🇷🇺 Russia Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | JAXA | Southern Launch / Koonibba Community Aboriginal Corporation | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) |
| Ownership | Government | Public-Private | Military |
| Region | 🇯🇵 Japan | 🇦🇺 Australia | 🇷🇺 Russia |
| Launch pads | 1 orbital (M-V pad, reconfigured for Epsilon-S)as of [1] | — | 4 active (Sites 43/3, 43/4 Soyuz-2; Site 35 Angara-1.2; Site 35/1 Angara-A5)as of [1] ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 1–2as of [1] | 2-5 | ~10as of [1]Military-dominant cadence; exact figure varies; estimate from public manifests |
| Max payload (LEO) | 700 kg to SSO (Epsilon-S target)as of [1]Epsilon-S return-to-flight following 2022 failure under investigation | — | 24,500 kg to LEO (Angara A5)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1970-02-11as of [1]Ohsumi — Japan's first satellite; first satellite launched by a non-superpower | 2020 | 1966-03-17as of [1]Vostok-2 rocket — Plesetsk's first orbital launch |
| Regulatory regime | MEXT / Cabinet Office Space Activities Act (2018, amended 2023) | Australian Space Agency under Space (Launches and Returns) Act 2018 | Roscosmos State Corporation + Russian Ministry of Defence; subject to ITAR / OFAC / EU sanctions post-2022 |
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