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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | ||
|---|---|---|
| Operator | Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) | Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) |
| Ownership | Military | Military |
| Region | 🇸🇪 Sweden | 🇷🇺 Russia |
| Launch pads | — | — |
| Annual launches | Multiple test campaigns/year (classified) | 0-2 ↑ Most active |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | — |
| First operational launch | 1957 | 1947 |
| Regulatory regime | Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) + Swedish Ministry of Defence; coordinated airspace closures with EU/EASA | Russian Ministry of Defence (closed military range); subject to comprehensive Western sanctions |
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