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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Alcantara Launch Center 🇧🇷 Brazil Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Andoya Spaceport 🇳🇴 Norway Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Operator-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Roscosmos | Brazilian Air Force (FAB) / Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB) | Andoya Space |
| Ownership | Government | Government | State Enterprise |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 🇳🇴 Norway |
| Launch pads | — | 1 (CLA mobile launch vehicle; VLM-1 pad under development)as of [1] | 2 sounding rocket rails; 1 orbital pad under developmentas of [1] ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 3-5 | 0–1 (first orbital launch pending)as of [1]Sounding rockets operational; VLM-1 orbital debut targeted 2027 | 6–10 suborbitalas of [1]Orbital launches pending; sounding rocket campaigns only through 2026 |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | ~150 kg to SSO (VLM-1 target)as of [1]Near-equatorial location (2.3°S) provides ~460 m/s velocity bonus for GTO missions ↑ Highest capacity | suborbital only (< 1,000 kg payload to apogee)as of [1]Orbital LV commercial contracts under negotiation as of Q1 2026 |
| First operational launch | 2016 | 1990-11-21as of [1]VS-30 sounding rocket; first orbital attempt VLS-1 1997 (pad explosion); new era with VLM-1 | 1962-08-18as of [1]First sounding rocket from Andøya Island; orbital capability planned late 2020s |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos (Russian federal jurisdiction, no foreign lease) | AEB regulatory framework; 2019 U.S.–Brazil Technology Safeguards Agreement enables U.S.-origin payload launches | Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry & Fisheries + Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA); aligned with EASA airspace coordination |
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