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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Roscosmos | Iranian Space Agency (ISA) / IRGC Aerospace Force | Pasifika Satellite Nusantara (PSN) joint venture |
| Ownership | Government | Military | Public-Private |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇮🇷 Iran | 🇮🇩 Indonesia |
| Launch pads | — | — | — |
| Annual launches | 3-5 ↑ Most active | 1-3 | 0 |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | — | — |
| First operational launch | 2016 | 2008 | 2023 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos (Russian federal jurisdiction, no foreign lease) | Iranian Space Agency (ISA) civil; IRGC Aerospace Force military; subject to UN Security Council Resolution 2231 missile-technology restrictions and US OFAC / EU sanctions blocking all Western commercial engagement | Indonesian Aerospace Law (Law 21/2013); BRIN partnership required; coastal-state overflight agreements pending |
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