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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Roscosmos | Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) / Vietnam National Space Center (VNSC) | Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) |
| Ownership | Government | Government | Military |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 🇸🇪 Sweden |
| Launch pads | — | — | — |
| Annual launches | 3-5 ↑ Most active | 0 | Multiple test campaigns/year (classified) |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | — | — |
| First operational launch | 2016 | 2024 | 1957 |
| Regulatory regime | Roscosmos (Russian federal jurisdiction, no foreign lease) | Vietnam Law on Atomic Energy and pending space-activity legislation; no current orbital-launch licensing framework — would require new statute | Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) + Swedish Ministry of Defence; coordinated airspace closures with EU/EASA |
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