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Over 70 licensed launch facilities now operate globally — 20 commissioned since 2020.
| Attribute | Baikonur Cosmodrome 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 🇨🇳 China Active · Last updated 2026-06-01Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Remove × | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISC Kosmotras (defunct) / Russian Strategic Rocket Forces | Roscosmos | CNSA / PLA Strategic Support Force |
| Ownership | Military | International Consortium | Military |
| Region | 🇷🇺 Russia | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 🇨🇳 China |
| Launch pads | — | 9 active (Soyuz-2 × 3, Proton-M × 2, Zenit × 1, Zenith-3SLB, and reserve pads)as of [1]Many historic pads retired; total complex has 52 pads historically | 4 active (SLS-1, SLS-2 Long March 2C/4; LC-43 crewed Shenzhou; LC-43/921 Long March 2F)as of [1] ↑ Most pads |
| Annual launches | 0 | ~15as of [1] | ~20as of [1] |
| Max payload (LEO) | — | 22,800 kg to LEO (Proton-M)as of [1] | 8,500 kg to LEO (Long March 2F)as of [1] ↑ Highest capacity |
| First operational launch | 1999 | 1957-10-04as of [1]Sputnik 1 — first artificial Earth satellite ever launched | 1970-04-24as of [1]Dong Fang Hong 1 — China's first satellite; first orbital launch from Jiuquan |
| Regulatory regime | Russian Ministry of Defence + Roscosmos; commercial operations ceased after Russia-Ukraine cooperation collapse 2014/2022 | Roscosmos (lease through 2050) / Kazakhstan KazCosmos co-oversight under 1994 lease agreement | Chinese State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) |
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