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Only 3 nations can independently sustain human spacewalks in 2026 — the U.S., Russia, and China.
| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | 🇮🇳 ISRO | 🇺🇸 SpaceX | 🇨🇳 CNSA |
| Country | India | USA | China |
| Manufacturer | Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram | SpaceX | CASIC Aerospace Life-Support Institute |
| Type | IVA | EVA | EVA |
| Status | In Development | Active | Retired |
| Program | Gaganyaan | Polaris Program; Starship (future) | Shenzhou 7; Tiangong-1/2 |
| Era | 2018–present | 2024–present | 2008–2021 |
| Weight | 5 kg | — | 120 kg |
| Max EVA Duration | — | ~2 hours (umbilical-dependent) | 4 hours ↑ Longest |
| Operating Pressure | — | 5.1 psi 100% O₂ | ~5.8 psi O₂ |
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33 spacesuits across 8 countries — active, retired, cancelled, and in development — with primary-source citations from agency technical documentation. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.