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Only 3 nations can independently sustain human spacewalks in 2026 — the U.S., Russia, and China.
| Attribute | 🇷🇺 Russia / USSR Trust: Agency-primaryⓘ Last verified Active · Last updated 2026-06-08Remove × | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | 🇷🇺 Soviet Space Program | 🇷🇺 Roscosmos / Soviet Space Program | 🇺🇸 NASA |
| Country | USSR | Russia / USSR | USA |
| Manufacturer | NPP Zvezda | NPP Zvezda | ILC Dover + Hamilton Standard |
| Type | IVA | IVA | IVA/EVA |
| Status | Retired | Active | Retired |
| Program | Vostok | Soyuz; Shenzhou (licensed) | Apollo J-missions (15–17), Skylab |
| Era | 1961–1963 | 1980–present | 1971–1975 |
| Weight | 20 kg | 10 kg | 35.4 kg |
| Max EVA Duration | — | — | 7 hours ↑ Longest |
| Operating Pressure | 3.9–4.4 psi pure O₂ | 5.8 psi pure O₂ | 3.7 psi 100% O₂ |
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33 spacesuits across 8 countries — active, retired, cancelled, and in development — with primary-source citations from agency technical documentation. Pure URL state: bookmark or share the link and the comparison reproduces exactly.