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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ISRO | JAXA | Firefly Aerospace |
| Prime contractor | ISRO | Mitsubishi Electric | Firefly Aerospace |
| Status | In development | Landed | In development |
| Customer | ISRO | JAXA | NASA-CLPSESA |
| Launch date | 2027–2028 (NET) | 2023-09-06 | 2026-Q4 (NET) |
| Landing date | — | 2024-01-19 | — |
| Landing site | Near Mons Mouton, lunar south pole | Near Shioli crater, Mare Nectaris (~10 m precision vs 100 m target) | Lunar far side (specific site TBD; supports LuSEE-Night) |
| Payload | Up to 3 kg lunar sample return (2026-02-06) | LEV-1 (2.1 kg hopper) + LEV-2 'SORA-Q' (0.25 kg sphere) (2024-01-19) | Dual-spacecraft: Blue Ghost lander + Elytra orbital relay (2026-05-28) |
| Contract value | — | — | — |
| Outcome | India's first lunar sample-return mission. Five modules launched on two LVM3 vehicles; requires both Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit docking — first-time capabilities for ISRO. Architecture sanctioned by Government of India September 2024. | First Japanese soft landing; made Japan the 5th nation to soft-land on the Moon. One of two main engines failed at ~50 m altitude; lander touched down on its side but still met 100-m precision goal. Survived four lunar-night cycles despite not being designed for it; declared concluded 2024-08-23. | First commercial far-side landing attempt. Elytra deploys ESA's Lunar Pathfinder relay before Blue Ghost descends, providing dual-S/X-band relay for surface and orbital users. JPL's User Terminal Payload delivered for integration April 2026. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.