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| Attribute | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Astrobotic | CNSA | Intuitive Machines |
| Prime contractor | Astrobotic | China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) | Intuitive Machines |
| Status | Lost | Landed | Landed |
| Customer | NASA-CLPS | CNSA | NASA-CLPS |
| Launch date | 2024-01-08 | 2024-05-03 | 2025-02-27 |
| Landing date | — | 2024-06-01 | 2025-03-06 |
| Landing site | Sinus Viscositatis (planned; never reached) | Apollo crater, South Pole-Aitken Basin (lunar far side) | Mons Mouton plateau, lunar south pole (~400 m off target) |
| Payload | 20 payloads from 7 nations (2024-01-08) | 1,935.3 g of lunar far-side regolith returned to Earth (2024-06-25) | 10 payloads delivered (2025-03-06) |
| Contract value | $108M (2024-01-08) | — | $62.5M (2025-02-27) |
| Outcome | Maiden flight of ULA's Vulcan Centaur. Helium pressurant valve failed to reseal post-actuation, over-pressurizing the oxidizer tank and rupturing it. Lander commanded into controlled re-entry; burned up over South Pacific 2024-01-18. | First-ever sample return from the lunar far side and the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Used the Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far-side comms. Samples revealed unexpectedly cohesive grain behavior and excavated material from the Moon's mantle. | Soft-landed but tipped onto its side after altimeter failure caused the lander to strike a plateau and skid into a crater rim. Power depleted within ~24 hours; ~250 MB of data transmitted including TRIDENT drill range-of-motion demonstration. |
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Underlying dataset: GET /api/moon/landers. Methodology: /moon/methodology.