Mariner 4 — first close-up images of Mars

First spacecraft to successfully fly past Mars, returning 22 grainy images that ended a century of speculation about canals and revealed a cratered, desolate world.

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Voskhod 2 — Alexei Leonov performs the first spacewalk

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Ed White becomes the first American to spacewalk

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Astérix — France becomes the third space-faring nation

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Luna 9 — first soft landing on the Moon

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