Venera 7 — first soft landing on another planet

Survives crushing pressure and 475 °C heat to transmit 23 minutes of data from Venus' surface — the first signal ever received from the surface of another world.

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Luna 16 — first robotic sample return from another world

From the same era

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Lunokhod 1 — first wheeled rover to operate on another body

From the same era

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Salyut 1 — first space station

From the same era

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Soyuz 11 — first and only deaths in space

From the same era